B to Y; A to Z; G
- Blogger to YouTube
- Analytics to Zeitgeist
- Meta, A-Z doesn't work for this presentation unless I'm missing some Google products!
- Google
Overly restrictive copyright potentially impacts every Google business.
Creative Commons is part of solution. Wanna work together?
Purpose of this talk
Stimulate thought and innovation ... feedback ... implemenations
Inspiration would be a happy coincidence, because ...
The Inspirer
<Berlin>
<CHUM>
Thinking about CC
In terms of...
- Reasonable, flexible copyright
- Lowering transaction costs
- Free speech
- Cultural environmentalism
- In relation to Free, Libre and Open Source Software
Creative Commons & FLOSS
Media 20 years behind software?
Code & media licenses
2011
2016
Reuse: Code vs. Content
- Obvious pragmatic case for code reuse
- But only applicable in very specific cases
- NIH not a bad thing in art
- But any art can conceivably be mixed with any other art
- So content license interoperability is important as is code license interoperability
Interoperability
- Code and media
- Media licenses
- CC BY-SA and FDL
- Lessig and Moglen at Wikimania
- Across jurisdictions
</CHUM>
~ Legal stuff
- Podcasting Legal Guide
- What does NonCommercial mean?
- Critiques and controversies
- Cases
- Version 3.0 CC licenses
Very cool stuff
Per Glenn's request:
- Pat Chilla on lonelygirl15
- According to Glenn's taste:
- NYC concert with Diplo, Girl Talk, Peeping Tom
- According to my taste:
- Yours?
- Discovery, from collaborative filtering to conversation, is super important
More cool stuff
- Second Life concert with Popular Science and Jonathan Coulton
- GiftTrap board game
- Greg Palast audiobook remix contest with Alternative Tentacles
- Remix with indie labels like Saddle Creek and Ghostly International
- Gardner Museum in Boston started releasing its classical
music concert performances as CC-licensed podcasts
- Cafuné released simultaneously in theaters and online under CC
- Revision 3
- CC Salons in SF, NYC,
Berlin, Beijing, Toronto, Warsaw, Johannesburg, and Seoul
- & much more!
December 2002
Someone will build a CC search engine!
CC-enabled Web Search
- Early 2004: Postgresql/tsearch2/Python prototype
- Late 2004: CC-Nutch
- Early 2005: Yahoo! Search for CC
- Late 2005: Google
CC Search Now
Metadata
- RDF/XML-in-HTML-comments
- Copy/paste requirement
- Semantic Web seemed the way to go
RDF/XML-in-HTML-comments
Ugly, ugly, ugly
- Hidden to humans
- Hidden to XML parsers
- RDF/XML is confusing
- Easy to mess up (e.g., escaped by an overly-helpful CMS)
- More verbose than needed
Microformats
- rel="license" since 2004
- Colocated with human visible markup
- Concise
- Problems:
- Page level; what about audio, images, video, etc?
- Scalability and interoperability of microformats
rel="license" microformat
Example:
This work is licensed under Creative Commons
<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/">Attribution</a>
Indicates we're not just linking to the license because it's a cool link.
See http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-license
Wanted: Metadata solution
- ...for any page, fragment, link, embedded object
- Colocated with human visible markup
- Publisher and consumer friendly
- Flexible, interoperable
RDFa
- RDF
- a stands for attributes
- The mythical RDF-in-HTML is finally here
- Problems:
- Developed for XHTML2, which nobody uses, perhaps ever
- Uses
about
and property
attributes, invalid in XHTML1
- Some people hate RDF
- Solutions:
- XHTML1.2
- Many of them actually hate RDF/XML; RDFa is friendly
See http://rdfa.info
RDFa example
This work is licensed under Creative Commons
<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/">Attribution</a>
Hmmm, looks like the rel="license" microformat example.
Produces one triple:
<> license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/> .
Which says the current document is licennsed under CC BY 2.5.
Bigger RDFa example
<span about="http://example.org/foo.jpg">
<span rel="dc:type" property="dc:title"
href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage">Foo
Captured</span> by
<a rel="cc:attributionURL" property="cc:attributionName"
href="http://bobhome.example.org">Bob</span>
is licensed under Creative Commons
<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/">Attribution</a>
</span>
Produces triples:
<http://example.org/foo.jpg>
dc:type <http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage> ;
dc:title "Foo Captured" ;
cc:attributionURL <http://bobhome.example.org> ;
cc:attributionName "Bob" ;
license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/> .
Which says http://example.org/foo.jpg document is an image titled "Foo Captured" licensed under CC BY 2.5 and must be attributed to "Bob" with a link to http://bobhome.example.org.
Super-duper short explanation of RDF
- Subject: always a URI
- Predicate (verb): always a URI
- Object: URI or literal (text)
One can say lots of things with these primitives.
And do things with what is said.
Super short explanation of RDFa
- Subject denoted by
about
attribute (defaults to current document).
- Predicate denoted by
rel
(or rev
) if the object is a URI.
- Predicate denoted by
property
if the object is a literal.
Ben's case for RDFa
- Publisher independence
- Data reuse
- Self-containment
- Schema modularity
- Schema evolvability
- ... elegant degradation
See "Bulding Interoperable Metadata" at http://ben.adida.net/presentations/
Fun SemWeb Analogy
Java Applets : Java-as-COBOL :: SemWeb vision, 2001 : SemWeb technologies integrating heterogenous enterprise data
Microformats are worse?
- The "s" in microformats
- Not decentralized
- No deep tools or resarch
- As in Worse is Better?
Potential media-info microformat
- Describe any audio, video, image, fragment, etc.
- Microformats principles/process
- Does not exist yet, see
Imaginary media-info microformat example
<div class="mediainfo">
<img class="media" src="http://example.org/foo.jpg">
<div class="creator vcard">
<span class="fn">Bob</span>
</div>
<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/">CC BY</a>
</div>
Purple is a fib, does not exist, even as a brainstorm! An eventual media-info microformat may look nothing like this.
lowercase and officious SW interoperability
- Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages
CC wants implementation
- Image, audio, video, etc. search, CC-enabled
- Built into CMS and other content publishing and creation software
Google has chickens and eggs
Wanted:
- Feedback
- Contributions
- Just do it
Embedded metadata
- It sucks
- Crappy standards
- No UI
- Mostly unused
- No reason to trust
Non-crappy standard: XMP
- Extensible
- Can work with nearly any format (PDF, JPEG, Flash, various audio, video and other media)
- From Adobe
- Becoming standard in Digital Asset Management systems
- Microsoft implementation in Vista applications
- See http://wiki.creativecommons.org/XMP
Embedded trust
- Embedded license is meaningless by itself
- Needs reference to a web page with license information for the media at hand
- Information on the web can be removed, so is at least a little tiny bit trustworthy
- A person or software can choose to ignore untrusted sites
- See http://wiki.creativecommons.org/WebStatement
CC and embedded metadata
If it sucks, why do we care?
- Fraudulent use could harm brand
- Objects not always shared via orignal URL with metadata
- Email
- P2P filesharing
- Beam from wireless device
- CD/DVD RW
- IM file transfer
- Memory stick
- Hard drive
- ...
- It's just easier for some software to assume the metadata comes with the object
- Chicken & egg
Beyond
... mere license metadata
Attribution
- Links are gold
- CC's biggest missed opportunity so far?
Commerce and nearby
- Where can I buy?
- Get a commercial license?
- Make a donation?
- Get provenance info?
- Examples cataloged at http://mircoformats.org/wiki/licensing-examples
Want to
- Encoruage decntralized (aggregator/search engine-friendly) commerce, complementary to decentralized public licensing
- Commercial success stories involving CC licenses reflect well on CC
Magnatune
Jamendo
Derivatives
"Who remixed me?" as the new "who linked to me?"
link:http://...
source:http://...
ccMixter / ccHost
Steal these concepts!
Just do it
- Blog Search
- Images
- Video
- Web Search
- Blogger
- Docs & Spreadsheets
- Picasa
- SketchUp
- YouTube
- ...
FLOSS code wanted
CC features in
- OpenOffice.org
- Every other content creation, publishing, discovery, and consumption app
And just make FLOSS media tools better
http://developer.creativecommons.org
Summer of Code
THANK YOU!
Chris DiBona & co. rocks!